The general aim of this and future projects is to consolidate the knowledge on the application of direct greening methods on green roofs namely to adapt typical ecological restoration procedures to urban ecological design and praxis. Specific aims of this project are: 1) to set up of a first inventory with the old, current and new green roofs realised with direct greening methods (info necessary for long-term and comprehensive monitoring), 2) to prove that direct green-ing methods are effective also on green roofs (monitoring of green roofs older than 5 years); and finally 3) to highlight the gaps regarding the procedure (from the hay collection to the application on green roofs).