Statistical data show that in Switzerland, including the canton of Zurich, children with a migrant background are disproportionately likely to learn in special education, separative or integrated settings. Using qualitative interviews, the educational history of 6 individual cases of children and adolescents who have a refugee background, have received the diagnosis "cognitive disability", are between school enrollment age and 16 years old and live in the canton of Zurich, will be traced and analyzed in detail. The focus of this research is not on the diagnosis itself, but on the processes that led to the diagnosis. The different perspectives of those affected, i.e. of the family or close caregivers of the child, of the child itself and of the involved, such as specialists and teachers, are taken into account.