Achievement 1:

We elaborated a detailed overview about the developments in plastic production, plastic usage, plastic applications, plastic waste and GHG emissions from plastics. In addition to these general facts, we elaborated an overview about the current status of plastic recycling. We distinguished in this context between the mechanical and chemical recycling. In our research analysis we achieved to determine which plastic types are recyclable.

o   Mechanical Recycling:
- Generally recyclable: Plastics with the resin code 1 and 2
- Challenging to recycle: Plastics with the resin codes 4-7
- Not recyclable: Plastics with the code 3

o   Chemical Recycling:
- Most materials should be recyclable
- Current limiting factors: Efficient applicability, energy efficiency, technological solution in maintaining output quality, feedstock prices, volume availability
- PET specific: Usually contains 30% oxygen, therefore ineligible for thermolysis

Achievement 2:

Identification of existing metrics from diverse disciplines (e.g., sustainable finance, ESG) that encompass plastic-to-oil procedures’ contribution. 

o   As base for the analysis acknowledged ESG metrics like MSCI ESG metrics were used

o   Plastic-to-Oil Metrics Screening: Detailed screening whether ESG metrics with reference to Plastic-to-Oil industry are applied. è Result: No specific Plastic-to-Oil Metrics so far included in ESG metrics

o   Nonetheless, out of 279 ESG metrics commonly used for the oil and recycling industry, 75 ESG metrics that could be related to or affected from the Plastic-to-Oil industry and could thus either have direct impact on the plastic-to-oil producing firms or to their suppliers and customers were detected as relevant (see attached list of ESG - PtO Metrics for details).

Achievement 3:

Exploration of potential innovative metrics tailored specifically for assessing the plastic-to-oil technology. (Detailed OVerview in attached PPT)

Achievement 4:

Determination of methodologies to integrate these established and emerging metrics into a benchmarking framework.

o   The developed methodology for the benchmarking framework, which was named “Eco-Performance Index”, is as follows:

-          IDEA: A self-developed scoring index that assigns points to each KPI based on a standardized performance measurement. This systematic approach will aggregate (sum up) the standardized scores allocated for each individual KPI to calculate an overall index. As such, the approach will enable the benchmarking of different players in the plastic to oil business.

-          Scoring Framework: Each KPI will be scored on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 indicates poor performance and 10 indicates excellent performance. The scores for each KPI will be weighted based on their importance. For simplicity, we’ll assume equal weighting for all KPIs, but this can be adjusted based on organizational priorities.

Achievement 5:

Quantification of the quantifiable effects of the "Plastic to Oil" technology on the economy, environment, and society.

Through this project, Enespa aims to quantitatively assess its contributions to the environment and society. Additionally, the project seeks to uncover the inherent economic potential of the plastic-to-oil technology itself, offering valuable insights for other entities in the plastic-to-oil sector. Enespa will tailor its plastic waste sourcing strategy to amplify its influence in line with the recommended metrics. The benchmark's outcomes will function as a navigational tool to appraise the sustainability of Enespa's business model – a perspective of great importance to potential investors. This endeavor will aid Enespa in gauging the extent of its competitive advantages or potential challenges for expanding the innovation on a global scale. Moreover, it presents the prospect of establishing a significant recycling industry in Switzerland with a robust international reputation. Finally, Enespa is expanding its activities towards other green-technologies such as generating hydrogen in the plastic-to-oil production process and recouping oil from waste oil. In this respect, the developed metrics of the planed project will be used as a resilient base for assessing Enespa’s contribution in these novel recycling endeavors.