The analysis of 53 studies (1986-2024) revealed diverse publication years and geographic distributions, with most studies from the Global North. The results of the scoping review show the complex relationship between substance use and work ability. Most studies highlight that substance use, particularly the use of opioids, leads to decreased workability, increased absenteeism, and lower likelihood to return to work. However, some reports noted opioids and methadone as facilitating workability in certain cases.

Substance use significantly affects workability of persons with chronic pain, often decreasing occupational performance, workability and increasing absenteeism. Addressing these challenges requires integrative health and social strategies and further exploration into comprehensive, interprofessional interventions.

Background

Around 18 % of the Swiss population suffers from chronic pain at least once in their live. Chronic pain affects all areas of daily life and has a negative impact on quality of life, workability and well-being. Prescribed medications such as opioids are taken by persons with chronic pain primarily for pain relief. The use of medically prescribed cannabis for pain treatment has become more common, in recent years. Studies show that persons with chronic pain use additional substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and benzodiazepines to cope with pain. Various studies in the field of occupational therapy have shown that persons take substances in order to be able to perform daily occupations. However, it is not known to what extent research has explored substance use among persons with chronic pain in terms of maintaining occupational performance.

Aim

The aim of this study was to record the current state of research and to gain initial insights into the use of substances in chronic pain for the maintenance of occupational performance.

Methods

A scoping review is carried out according to the 5-step method of Arksey & O’Malley.